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7-day Healthy Meal Planning Guide for 6 to 24-month-old children
《六至二十四個月幼兒健康飲食》
>>>>http://www.fhs.gov.hk/tc_chi/health_info/files/n_7.pdf
Proper infant and young child feeding practice builds up long-term health
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A healthy diet with an optimal nutrient intake in early childhood lays the foundation for future eating habits and is of great importance to long-term health.
To examine the feeding practices of Hong Kong parents with young children as well as their children's food consumption and nutrient intake, the Department of Health (DH) together with Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong conducted a survey between February and September 2010.
The Survey of Infant and Young Child Feeding in Hong Kong, which included the participation of 1,588 randomly-selected Chinese parents with children aged from 6 months to 48 months registered at DH's Maternal and Child Health Centres (MCHCs), focused on children's dietary patterns and parents' feeding practices. The survey's key findings were released today (March 14).
According to the survey, the food consumption pattern of children aged 12 months and above was characterised by an inadequate intake of vegetables and fruits, high intake of protein-rich foods and over-dependence on formula milk.
Also, vegetable and fruit intakes were more than 60 per cent and 30 per cent respectively below the recommended level. The proportion of children with meat/fish/egg/legume intakes higher than the recommended level increased with age, from 12.9 per cent in the 12-month group to 34.3 per cent in the 48-month group.
The survey revealed a high consumption of milk by children, with 69.6 per cent in the 12-month-old group, 47.6 per cent in 18-month-old group, 35.7 per cent in the 24-month-old group and 9.9 per cent in 48-month-old group consuming more than the recommended amount of 2 cups (480 ml) per day. Most children consumed formula milk instead of cows' milk, with 94.4 per cent and 79.6 per cent of children in the 24 month-old group and 48 month-old group respectively drinking formula milk.
It was also found that children who drank more milk (mainly formula milk) than the recommended volume generally consumed smaller amounts of grains, vegetables and fruits. Use of the bottle and parents' misconceptions about the nutritional benefits of formula milk might have contributed to the high milk intake and the choice of milk.
Turning to the feeding practices, the survey showed that a fair proportion of parents allowed distractions such as playing toys and television viewing during meal time, and only half of the 18- to 24-month-olds were dining with their family members.
Around 43 per cent of the 9-month-old group and 27 per cent of the 12-month-old group had not been given a cup to try using. Only a fifth of 18-month-olds could use a spoon tidily.
To encourage their children to try new foods, about 50 per cent of parents would demonstrate eating new foods in front of their children; however, only 20 per cent made more than 10 attempts.
Additionally, parents tended not to trust their children's ability to self-regulate food intake, with half believing they should decide how much their children should eat and a substantial proportion never granting their children autonomy in deciding how much to eat. Moreover, parents tended to under-estimate their children's weight, and worried about their children becoming underweight or not eating enough. These worries were associated with controlling feeding practices, such as pressuring their children to eat more.
In view of the above findings, a number of recommendations were put forward and compiled into a range of parent resources to support parents in adopting appropriate dietary and feeding practices.
These include a series of three booklets with DVDs - "Healthy Eating for 6 to 24-month-old Children: (1) Getting Started; (2) Moving On (6-12 months); (3) Ready to Go (12 to 24 months)" and a booklet entitled "7-day Healthy Meal Planning Guide". The materials have been made available in DH's MCHCs and the Family Health Service's website (www.fhs.gov.hk) by phases.
Resource: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201203/14/P201203140333.htm
餵養嬰幼兒得法有利長遠健康
在嬰幼兒階段開始均衡飲食，以攝取最佳營養，亦為日後建立健康飲食習慣奠下基石，對長遠健康至為重要。
為探討本港家長餵養幼兒的習慣，以及了解幼兒進食和攝取營養的情況，衛生署聯同香港理工大學和香港中文大學在二○一○年二月至九月進行了一項調查。
「香港家長餵養嬰幼兒狀況調查」透過隨機抽樣方法，訪問了1,588名在衛生署轄下母嬰健康院登記育有年齡介乎六個月至四十八個月幼兒的中國籍家長，重點研究幼兒的飲食模式和家長的餵養習慣。調查的主要結果在今日（三月十四日）公布。
根據調查結果，年齡在十二個月或以上的幼兒，其飲食模式的特徵是進食蔬菜和水果的分量不足，含豐富蛋白質食物的攝取量高，並過分依賴飲用配方奶粉。
在進食蔬菜和水果方面，分別有超過60%和30%年齡在十二個月或以上的幼兒，其攝取量是低於建議水平。幼兒進食肉類／魚類／蛋類／豆類高於建議水平的比率亦隨著年齡增加，由年齡組別為十二個月的12.9%，增至年齡組別為四十八個月的34.3%。
調查顯示，幼兒的飲奶量高。在年齡組別為十二個月、十八個月、二十四個月和四十八個月的幼兒中，分別有69.6%、47.6%、35.7%和9.9%每日的飲奶量多於建議的兩杯（480亳升）分量。大部分幼兒飲用配方奶粉而非純牛奶。在年齡組別為二十四個月和四十八個月的幼兒中，分別有94.4%和79.6%飲用配方奶粉。
調查亦發現，飲奶量（主要是配方奶粉）多於建議分量的幼兒，普遍進食較少穀類、蔬菜和水果。而使用奶瓶和家長對配方奶粉營養益處的誤解，可能導致幼兒飲較多奶，以及影響家長對飲用奶類型的選擇。
餵養習慣方面，調查顯示相當比例的家長，容許子女在分心的情況下進食，如在吃飯時玩玩具和看電視等。只有一半的十八個月至二十四個月大的幼兒與家人一起用餐。
在年齡組別為九個月和十二個月的幼兒中，分別有43%和27%從未嘗試用杯子飲用飲品，而只有五分之一的十八個月大的幼兒能有條理地使用湯匙。
為鼓勵子女嘗試進食新的食物，近50%的家長會在子女面前示範進食新的食物，但只有20%的家長會作多於十次的嘗試。
同時，家長趨向不信任子女能夠自我調節食量，約一半家長認為他們應決定子女吃多少食物，而有大部分家長從不讓子女自行決定進食的分量。此外，家長傾向低估子女的體重，並擔心他們體重過輕或進食不足。抱有這些憂慮的家長會操控子女的飲食，如堅持要子女多吃一些。
因應上述結果，調查提出了多項建議，並匯集成一系列的家長教材，支援家長為子女建立適當的飲食和餵養習慣。
有關教材包括一部三冊連光碟的小冊子《六至二十四個月幼兒健康飲食》：〈起步篇〉、〈進展篇（上）〉和〈進展篇（下）〉，以及一冊《六至二十四個月幼兒──七日飲食全攻略》。有關教材陸續在各母嬰健康院派發，以及在家庭健康服務的網站（www.fhs.gov.hk）供市民下載。
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